PVC Insulated and PVC Sheath 3X35 1X16, 3X16+1X10 Avvg Power Cable

The PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg Power Cables, available in the specifications 3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10, come with a detailed set of parameters that define their performance and suitability for various electrical distribution applications.

Both specifications feature a four-core structure, which is specifically designed to cater to three-phase four-wire electrical systems. In the 3X35 1X16 variant, there are 3 main cores each with a cross-sectional area of 35mm² and 1 neutral core with a cross-sectional area of 16mm². The 3X16+1X10 variant, on the other hand, consists of 3 main cores of 16mm² each and 1 neutral core of 10mm². This structure ensures that the main cores handle the active power transmission, while the neutral core balances the three-phase currents, maintaining system stability and preventing voltage imbalances.

Current-carrying capacity is a critical parameter that determines the cable's ability to transmit electrical power without overheating. At an ambient temperature of 25℃, the 35mm² main cores in the 3X35 1X16 cable have a long-term allowable current-carrying capacity of approximately 130A. This translates to a power handling capability of around 28kW, making it suitable for medium-power applications. The 16mm² cores, whether as main cores in the 3X16+1X10 variant or as the neutral core in the 3X35 1X16 variant, have a long-term current-carrying capacity of about 85A, corresponding to a power of roughly 18.7kW. The 10mm² neutral core in the 3X16+1X10 cable can carry a long-term current of approximately 65A, equivalent to a power of about 14.3kW. These current and power ratings ensure that the cables can efficiently handle the electrical loads in their respective application scenarios.

The rated voltage of both cable variants is 0.6/1kV, which makes them ideal for use in low-voltage distribution networks. This voltage rating is compatible with most industrial, commercial, and residential electrical systems, allowing for seamless integration into existing power grids.

Physical dimensions are also well-defined for these cables. The 3X35 1X16 cable has an outer diameter of approximately 38mm, while the 3X16+1X10 cable has a smaller outer diameter of around 30mm. These dimensions are crucial for determining the space required for installation, whether in conduits, cable trays, or direct burial. The PVC Insulation layer thickness differs slightly between the two variants: 1.6mm for the 3X35 1X16 cable and 1.4mm for the 3X16+1X10 cable. This insulation ensures effective electrical isolation between the cores, preventing leakage current and short circuits. The PVC sheath, which provides mechanical protection, has a uniform thickness of 2.0mm for both variants, offering adequate resistance to physical damage and environmental factors.

Other important parameters include the conductor resistance and the minimum bending radius. At 20℃, the maximum DC resistance of the 35mm² Copper Conductor is 0.524Ω/km, for the 16mm² conductor it is 1.15Ω/km, and for the 10mm² conductor, it is 1.83Ω/km. These low resistance values ensure minimal power loss during transmission. The minimum bending radius for fixed installations is 10 times the outer diameter for both cables, allowing for flexible installation in various environments without compromising the integrity of the insulation or sheath.

The PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg Power Cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) find extensive application in a wide range of industrial, commercial, and residential settings, thanks to their tailored specifications and reliable performance.

The 3X35 1X16 cable is well-suited for medium-sized electrical distribution scenarios. In small and medium-sized factories, it serves as the main distribution trunk line in workshops, connecting various production equipment such as CNC machine tools, blowers, pumps, and conveyor belts. These machines require a stable power supply to operate efficiently, and the 3X35 1X16 cable's capacity to handle around 28kW ensures uninterrupted operation. In multi-storey office buildings, this cable is used in the main distribution circuits to supply power to high-power equipment like central air conditioning systems, elevators, and server rooms. It can efficiently distribute electricity from the main distribution panel to different floors, meeting the collective power demands of the building. Residential complexes also benefit from this cable, as it is used as the 楼栋 incoming line, supplying electricity to multiple households simultaneously. It can handle the combined load of household appliances, lighting, and heating systems, ensuring a reliable power supply for daily life.

The 3X16+1X10 cable is designed for smaller-scale power distribution needs. In commercial settings such as shops, restaurants, and small offices, it is used for Internal Wiring, connecting lighting fixtures, computers, printers, refrigerators, and other small to medium-power devices. Its compact size and moderate current-carrying capacity make it easy to install in tight spaces, such as behind walls or under floors. In civil buildings, this cable is employed in branch circuits, distributing power to specific areas like kitchens, living rooms, and bedrooms. It ensures that each area receives the required power for its respective appliances and devices. Outdoor applications for the 3X16+1X10 cable include small landscape projects, where it powers outdoor lighting, fountains, and irrigation systems, and temporary construction sites, where it provides temporary power to tools and equipment such as drills, saws, and portable generators.

Both cable variants are suitable for use in dry and moderately humid environments. They can be installed using various methods, including open wiring (on cable trays or along walls), concealed wiring (in conduits or behind plaster), and direct burial in the ground (provided the soil is not excessively moist or corrosive). However, due to the limitations of PVC material in high-temperature and fire-prone environments, these cables are not recommended for use in industrial furnaces, chemical plants with high temperatures, or areas where fire safety is of critical importance, such as hospitals and high-rise building escape routes.

The PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables are constructed using high-quality materials, with a focus on balancing performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness, and feature a practical design style suitable for various installation environments.

The conductors of both cable variants are made from high-purity electrolytic copper with a purity of ≥99.9%. This high purity ensures excellent electrical conductivity, which is essential for minimizing power loss during transmission. Copper is chosen for its superior conductive properties compared to other metals, allowing for efficient energy transfer. Additionally, electrolytic copper has good ductility and malleability, which means it can be easily drawn into thin wires and twisted into the required conductor shapes. This property also makes the conductors flexible, enabling easy bending and installation in tight spaces without the risk of breaking. The Copper Conductors are also resistant to oxidation under normal operating conditions, ensuring long-term stable performance.

The insulation layer is composed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used thermoplastic material in cable manufacturing. PVC insulation offers moderate electrical insulation properties, with a high volume resistivity that prevents current leakage between conductors. It has good resistance to corona discharge, which is crucial for maintaining insulation integrity over time. The PVC insulation can operate continuously at a maximum temperature of 70℃ and can withstand short-term overloads up to 80℃, making it suitable for the temperature ranges encountered in most low-voltage distribution systems. However, it should be noted that PVC begins to soften and decompose at higher temperatures, releasing toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride, which limits its use in high-temperature environments.

The outer sheath is also made of PVC, providing a robust protective layer for the internal conductors and insulation. PVC sheath has high mechanical strength, offering resistance to impact, abrasion, and compression. It can withstand the rigors of installation and daily use, protecting the cable from physical damage. The sheath is also resistant to many common chemicals, oils, and solvents, making the cable suitable for use in industrial environments where exposure to such substances may occur. Additionally, PVC sheath is relatively inexpensive and easy to process, contributing to the overall cost-effectiveness of the cable.

In terms of style, both cable variants have a compact and cylindrical shape. The four cores are twisted together in a helical pattern, which reduces the overall diameter of the cable and ensures uniform distribution of stress during bending and installation. The twisted design also helps to minimize electromagnetic interference between the cores, ensuring stable power transmission. The outer surface of the PVC sheath is smooth, which reduces friction during installation, making it easier to pull the cable through conduits or cable trays. The sheath is typically colored black, which provides good UV resistance, making the cable suitable for outdoor use where it may be exposed to sunlight. The black color also helps to conceal dirt and debris, maintaining a neat appearance.

Each cable is marked with essential information on the outer sheath, including the cable type (Avvg), specification (3X35 1X16 or 3X16+1X10), rated voltage (0.6/1kV), manufacturer's name or logo, and production date. These markings are printed in a durable ink that remains legible throughout the cable's service life, facilitating identification and traceability.

The production process of PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) involves a series of well-defined steps, each carefully controlled to ensure the final product meets the required quality standards.

The first step is the manufacturing of the copper conductors. High-purity electrolytic copper rods are used as the raw material. These rods are first inspected for purity and quality. They are then cleaned to remove any surface contaminants, such as dirt and oxide layers, which could affect the conductivity and adhesion of the insulation. The cleaned copper rods are then drawn through a series of dies with decreasing diameters in a wire drawing machine. This process reduces the diameter of the copper rods to the required size for the individual wires that make up the conductors. For example, to produce a 35mm² conductor, multiple thin Copper Wires are drawn and then twisted together.

After drawing, the copper wires undergo an annealing process. Annealing involves heating the wires to a temperature of around 500-600℃ in a controlled atmosphere (usually nitrogen or a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen) to relieve internal stresses generated during the drawing process. This makes the wires more ductile and flexible, improving their ability to withstand bending and twisting during installation. The annealed wires are then twisted together in a stranding machine to form the required conductor cross-sections (35mm², 16mm², and 10mm²). The stranding process ensures that the conductors have a compact and uniform structure, which enhances their mechanical strength and current-carrying capacity.

Next, the conductors are insulated with PVC. The insulation process is carried out using an extrusion line. The PVC material, in the form of pellets, is first dried to remove any moisture, as moisture can cause defects in the insulation. The dried PVC pellets are fed into an extruder, where they are melted by the heat generated from the rotation of the extruder screw and the heating elements. The molten PVC is then forced through a crosshead die, which shapes the insulation around the conductor. The thickness of the insulation is precisely controlled by adjusting the extruder speed, the size of the die, and the tension on the conductor. For the 3X35 1X16 cable, the insulation thickness is set to 1.6mm, while for the 3X16+1X10 cable, it is 1.4mm. After extrusion, the Insulated Conductors are cooled in a water bath to solidify the PVC insulation.

Once all four conductors are insulated, they proceed to the cabling stage. The four insulated conductors (3 main cores and 1 neutral core) are fed into a cabling machine, where they are twisted together to form a single cable. The twisting lay length is carefully controlled to ensure the cable has a round and stable shape, which facilitates the subsequent sheath extrusion process. During cabling, a filling material (often a non-hygroscopic rope or tape) may be added between the conductors to fill any gaps, ensuring a tight and uniform structure. A binding tape is then wrapped around the twisted cores to hold them together and prevent movement during sheath extrusion.

The next step is the extrusion of the PVC sheath. Similar to the insulation extrusion process, the PVC sheath material is dried and fed into an extruder. The molten PVC is extruded over the twisted and bound cores through a die, forming a continuous outer sheath with a thickness of 2.0mm. The sheath extrusion process is monitored to ensure uniform thickness, good adhesion to the underlying binding tape, and a smooth surface finish. After extrusion, the cable is cooled in a water bath to solidify the sheath.

Following sheath extrusion, the cable undergoes a series of finishing processes. It is cut to the required lengths using a cutting machine. The cable is then printed with identifying information (type, specification, voltage, manufacturer, etc.) using a hot stamping or ink jet printing machine. This information is printed at regular intervals along the length of the cable for easy identification.

Quality control is an integral part of the production process. Throughout each stage, samples are taken and tested to ensure compliance with specifications. Electrical tests include measuring insulation resistance, conducting withstand voltage tests (to ensure the insulation can withstand high voltages without breakdown), and checking for continuity. Mechanical tests are performed to evaluate the tensile strength and elongation of the insulation and sheath materials. Dimensional checks are carried out to verify conductor size, insulation thickness, sheath thickness, and overall outer diameter. Only cables that pass all these tests are approved for packaging and shipment.

The packaging of PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) is designed to protect the cables during storage, transportation, and handling, ensuring they reach the customer in good condition.

For large-length cables (typically 100 meters or more), wooden reels are the primary packaging option. These reels are made from sturdy hardwood, such as pine or oak, which provides sufficient strength to support the weight of the cable. The reels have flanges with a diameter proportional to the cable's outer diameter, ensuring that the cable is wound without exceeding its minimum bending radius, which could damage the insulation or sheath. The cable is tightly and evenly wound onto the reel, starting from the center and working outward. A layer of moisture-resistant plastic film is wrapped around the cable before winding to protect it from dust, moisture, and abrasion during transportation. The reel is secured with steel bands or straps to prevent the cable from unwinding during transit. Each reel is labeled with a durable tag or sticker containing essential information, including the cable type, specification (3X35 1X16 or 3X16+1X10), length, rated voltage, production batch number, production date, and the manufacturer's name and contact details.

For shorter lengths (usually 10-50 meters), the cables are packaged in coils. The cable is wound into a circular coil with a diameter that ensures it can be easily handled and stored. Each coil is wrapped in a thick, tear-resistant plastic sheet to protect against moisture and physical damage. The coil is then secured with plastic straps to maintain its shape and prevent unwinding. These coils are often placed in corrugated cardboard boxes for additional protection. The boxes are labeled with the same information as the reels, making it easy for customers to identify the product.

For very small lengths (1-5 meters), such as sample cables, the cable is cut to size and wrapped in plastic film, then placed in a small cardboard box or envelope. These packages are lightweight and easy to ship via courier services.

In addition to the primary packaging, bulk shipments of cables may be palletized. Multiple reels or coils are placed on a wooden or plastic pallet, which is then wrapped with stretch film to secure the load. Palletization improves handling efficiency during transportation and storage, as pallets can be moved using forklifts or pallet jacks.

Special attention is paid to packaging for export shipments. Wooden reels and pallets used for export are treated in accordance with international phytosanitary standards (such as ISPM 15) to prevent the spread of pests. This involves heat treatment or fumigation, and a certificate is provided to confirm compliance. Export packaging may also include additional protective measures, such as waterproof covers, to withstand the rigors of international shipping.

The transportation of PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) is managed to ensure the cables are delivered safely and on time, with minimal risk of damage.

The choice of transportation mode depends on the distance, quantity, and destination. For domestic shipments within a country, road transportation is commonly used. Trucks equipped with flatbeds or enclosed trailers are used to transport the cable reels or coils. Flatbed trucks are suitable for large reels, which are secured using chains or straps to prevent movement. Enclosed trailers are preferred for smaller coils or when protection from the elements is required, such as during rainy or snowy weather. The trailers may be temperature-controlled in extreme climates to prevent the PVC material from being exposed to excessively high or low temperatures, which could affect its properties.

For longer distances or international shipments, rail or sea transportation is often more economical. Rail transportation is suitable for large quantities of cables, with reels or coils loaded into railcars and secured to prevent shifting during transit. Sea transportation is used for overseas shipments, with the cables packed into shipping containers. The containers are inspected to ensure they are clean, dry, and free from contaminants. The reels or coils are arranged within the container to maximize space utilization while ensuring they are securely fastened to prevent movement during the voyage.

During transportation, the cables are protected from extreme weather conditions. In hot climates, direct sunlight can cause the PVC sheath to overheat, leading to softening or deformation. To prevent this, reels or coils transported in open trucks are covered with UV-resistant tarpaulins. In cold climates, especially where temperatures drop below freezing, the PVC material can become brittle, increasing the risk of cracking. In such cases, cables are transported in temperature-controlled vehicles or stored in insulated containers to maintain a stable temperature.

Moisture is another critical factor to address during transportation. Even though the cables are wrapped in moisture-resistant packaging, exposure to rain, snow, or high humidity can still lead to moisture ingress. To mitigate this, all packaging seams are sealed with waterproof tape, and additional desiccant packets are placed inside the packaging for coil shipments. For sea transportation, where exposure to saltwater spray is a risk, the outer packaging is treated with anti-corrosion coatings, and containers are equipped with moisture-absorbing materials.

Handling procedures during transportation are strictly regulated to prevent damage. Cables are loaded and unloaded using appropriate equipment such as forklifts, cranes, or winches, depending on their size and weight. Reels are always lifted from the center hub to avoid damaging the flanges, and coils are handled with care to prevent crushing or unwinding. During loading, reels and coils are arranged to distribute weight evenly, and void spaces are filled with dunnage to prevent shifting. Drivers and logistics personnel receive training on proper handling techniques, including securing loads with straps or chains at multiple points to ensure stability during transit.

Tracking and monitoring systems are employed to keep tabs on shipments. Each consignment is assigned a unique tracking number, allowing both the manufacturer and the customer to monitor its progress in real-time. GPS tracking devices may be attached to large shipments, providing location updates and alerts in case of delays or deviations from the planned route. This transparency helps in proactively addressing any issues that may arise during transportation, such as traffic congestion, mechanical breakdowns, or weather-related disruptions.

The shipment process for PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) is designed to be efficient, transparent, and customer-centric, ensuring that orders are fulfilled accurately and delivered within the agreed timeframe.

Upon receiving a customer order, the sales team first verifies the details, including the cable specification (3X35 1X16 or 3X16+1X10), quantity, delivery address, and requested delivery date. This information is entered into the company’s order management system, which triggers a workflow involving the warehouse, production (if the cables are not in stock), and logistics departments. The warehouse team checks inventory levels to confirm availability. If the cables are in stock, they are allocated to the order; if not, the production team is notified to prioritize manufacturing, with the sales team keeping the customer informed of any potential delays.

Before shipment, a thorough quality check is conducted on the allocated cables. This includes verifying the specification, length, and packaging condition, as well as ensuring that all required documentation (such as test certificates, compliance reports, and invoices) is in order. The cables are then prepared for shipment according to the packaging guidelines, with special attention to securing reels and coils to prevent damage during transit.

The customer is notified once the shipment is dispatched, with details including the tracking number, carrier information, estimated delivery date, and contact details for the logistics provider. This notification may be sent via email, SMS, or through the company’s customer portal, allowing the customer to track the shipment’s progress independently. For large or time-sensitive orders, a dedicated account manager may provide regular updates to ensure the customer is aware of the shipment’s status.

For international shipments, additional steps are taken to comply with customs regulations. This includes preparing commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, and any other documents required by the destination country. The company works with experienced freight forwarders to handle customs clearance, ensuring that all paperwork is accurate and complete to avoid delays. Duties, taxes, and other import charges are clearly communicated to the customer in advance, either included in the order price or specified as separate costs.

Upon delivery, the customer is required to inspect the shipment for any visible damage or discrepancies. The delivery receipt must be signed to confirm receipt, with any issues noted on the document. In case of damage or incorrect items, the customer is instructed to contact the company’s customer service team immediately, along with photographic evidence of the issue. The company then initiates a claims process with the carrier and arranges for a replacement or refund, depending on the customer’s preference.

Post-delivery follow-up is an integral part of the shipment process. The customer service team contacts the customer a few days after delivery to ensure satisfaction with the product and address any concerns. Feedback is documented and used to improve the shipment process, such as identifying recurring issues with packaging or carrier performance.

The company offers sample services for PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) to allow customers to evaluate the product’s quality, dimensions, and performance before placing bulk orders.

Customers can request samples by contacting the sales team via phone, email, or the company’s website. The request should include the desired cable specification (3X35 1X16 or 3X16+1X10), the quantity of samples (typically 1-3 pieces), and the delivery address. The sales team responds within 24 hours to confirm the request, provide details on any applicable sample fees, and estimate the delivery time. Sample fees are generally nominal, covering only material and processing costs, and are often refundable if the customer places a bulk order within 30 days of receiving the samples.

Samples are prepared using the same production processes and materials as bulk cables, ensuring they accurately represent the final product. Each sample is cut to a standard length of 1-2 meters, which is sufficient for customers to conduct physical inspections, measure dimensions (conductor size, insulation thickness, outer diameter), and perform basic electrical tests (such as continuity checks). Samples are labeled with the same information as bulk cables, including the specification, rated voltage, production batch number, and manufacturer’s name, to ensure traceability.

Packaging for samples is designed to be lightweight and protective. Each sample is wrapped in plastic film to prevent moisture and dirt, then placed in a small cardboard box or padded envelope. The package includes a cover letter with details of the sample specification, a brief product datasheet, and contact information for the sales team in case the customer has questions.

Samples are shipped via reliable courier services, with tracking information provided to the customer upon dispatch. Delivery times typically range from 2-5 business days for domestic shipments and 5-10 business days for international shipments, depending on the destination.

Upon receiving the samples, customers are encouraged to test them according to their specific requirements. The company’s technical team is available to provide guidance on testing procedures or interpret results. Feedback from customers on sample quality is actively sought and used to refine production processes if necessary. If the customer is satisfied with the samples, the sales team assists in processing the bulk order, ensuring that the same quality standards are maintained.

The company is committed to providing comprehensive after-sales service for PVC insulated and PVC sheathed Avvg power cables (3X35 1X16 and 3X16+1X10) to ensure customer satisfaction and address any issues that may arise during installation or use.

The warranty period for these cables is 12 months from the date of delivery. During this period, if the cable fails due to manufacturing defects (such as faulty insulation, conductor breakage, or sheath damage) under normal operating conditions, the company will provide a free replacement or repair. To claim the warranty, customers must provide proof of purchase (invoice or delivery receipt), details of the issue, and photographic evidence. The technical team assesses the claim and responds within 48 hours with a resolution plan.

Technical support is available to customers before, during, and after installation. The company’s team of experienced engineers can provide guidance on cable installation techniques, such as proper bending, termination, and routing, to ensure optimal performance. They can also advise on compatibility with other electrical components and compliance with local wiring regulations. Support is accessible via phone, email, or video call, with urgent queries prioritized for same-day response.

For customers facing installation or performance issues, the company offers on-site support in select regions. A technician can visit the customer’s location to inspect the cable, identify the cause of the problem, and provide on-site solutions. On-site service is available for both warranty and non-warranty issues, with costs for non-warranty services quoted in advance.

The company maintains a detailed record of each customer’s purchase history and interactions, allowing for personalized service. This includes tracking batch numbers to quickly identify any potential issues with specific production runs and proactively notifying customers if a recall or safety update is necessary.

Customer feedback is actively collected through surveys, follow-up calls, and online reviews. This feedback is used to improve product quality, packaging, and service delivery. Common issues reported by customers, such as difficulties in stripping insulation or sheath durability, are addressed through process improvements or product design modifications.

In addition to troubleshooting, the company provides educational resources to help customers maximize the lifespan of their cables. This includes guides on cable maintenance (such as periodic inspections for damage or corrosion), storage best practices (avoiding exposure to extreme temperatures or moisture), and safety precautions during handling. These resources are available on the company’s website or can be provided upon request.

Overall, the after-sales service program is designed to build long-term customer relationships by ensuring that any concerns are resolved promptly and effectively, and that customers have the support they need to use the cables safely and efficiently.